The lag time between the patient's request for pain medication and administration of the dose and the amount of nursing time necessary for preparation and administration of frequent doses are reduced. Titration of the dosage to the patient's needs is easily achieved by adjusting the infusion rate. Lower doses of morphine produce uniform pain control because a steady morphine concentration is maintained. Repeated intramuscular injections are frequently unacceptable due to the lack of muscle mass in the debilitated patient, the tendency for bruising and bleeding at the injection site, and the anxiety and pain associated with the injection.Ĭontinuous intravenous infusion of morphine (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION) has been employed as an alternative to traditional modes of administration. The peak and trough effects produced by intermittent administration cause fluctuations in pain control. The higher morphine doses produce significant and often life-threatening side effects (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Tolerance develops to the analgesic effects and increasingly higher doses of morphine are required to produce analgesia. Morphine has a short plasma half-life of 2.5 to 3.0 hours therefore, frequent administration (every 1 to 2 hours) often becomes necessary to control severe pain associated with cancer. Intermittent administration of intramuscular morphine may be effective however, the mode of therapy has significant limitations. The use of morphine for the relief of pain should be reserved for the more severe manifestations of pain, as in myocardial infarction, severe injuries, or in severe chronic pain associated with terminal cancer after all non-narcotic analgesics have failed.Įffective analgesic therapy of severe chronic pain associated with terminal cancer continues to be a difficult problem. It is likewise effective in the control of post-operative pain. It is used preoperatively to sedate the patient and allay apprehension, facilitate anesthesia induction and reduce anesthetic dosage. Morphine sulfate is indicated for the relief of severe pain. When the dosing requirement is completed, the unused portion should be discarded in an appropriate manner. It contains no antimicrobial preservatives. They are for use after dilution, not for direct infusion, and is intended as a single-dose unit. They are not intended for intrathecal or epidural use. NOTE: These products are intended for intravenous use only. Sulfuric acid added for adjustment of pH to 3.5 (2.5 to 6.5). Sulfuric acid added for adjustment of pH to 3.5 (2.5 to 6.5).Įach mL of Morphine Sulfate Injection, USP, (no bacteriostat added), contains 25 mg or 50 mg Morphine Sulfate, 0.75 mg Edetate Disodium, 1 mg Sodium Metabisulfite (added during manufacture) as an antioxidant, in Water for Injection. Morphine Sulfate Injection, USP is available in the following concentrations:Įach mL of Morphine Sulfate Injection, USP, Preservative Free (no bacteriostat or antioxidant added) contains 25 mg Morphine Sulfate in Water for Injection. Morphine Sulfate Injection, USP is a sterile solution of morphine sulfate pentahydrate in Water for Injection, USP.
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